On the path to climate neutrality, renewable energies play a key role in the supply of electricity and heat. Since their production is weather-dependent and therefore not constant, but supply and demand must be in balance, effective storage and networks are essential. Energy demand and production curves often coincide; However, a fully sustainable energy supply can only be achieved if demand and use are brought into line via network distribution and excess energy is intelligently stored for a later date.

Smart grids are intelligent networks that use various technologies and collected data to coordinate energy production, distribution and storage in real time. The challenges lie in upgrading old networks, monitoring load flow dynamics and ensuring data security.